Dr. Fasullo is passionate about gastrointestinal cancer prevention and is the Medical Director of the High-Risk Pancreas Center at Sarah Cannon, the Cancer Institute of HCA Healthcare
Abdominal pain can arise from a wide range of causes. Diagnosing the source often requires a thorough medical history, physical examination, and tests such as blood work, imaging, or endoscopy. Management depends on the underlying cause, ranging from lifestyle changes and medications for mild cases to surgical intervention for more severe conditions.
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can result from conditions affecting the esophagus, such as strictures, motility disorders, or neurological issues. Diagnosis typically involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and tests like a barium swallow, endoscopy, or esophageal manometry to evaluate the swallowing mechanism and identify any blockages or dysfunctions. Treatment depends on the cause and may include dietary modifications, medications, or procedures like dilation of the esophagus or surgery to relieve obstruction.
Diarrhea can be caused by many reasons such as infections, food intolerances, or gastrointestinal conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diagnosis involves assessing the patient’s history, conducting physical exams, and potentially ordering stool tests, blood work, imaging or endoscopic interventions to identify the underlying cause. Management includes rehydration, dietary adjustments, medications to address infections or inflammation, and treating the root cause to prevent recurrence.
Heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, often due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, conducting tests like an endoscopy or pH monitoring, and possibly imaging to assess for damage or abnormalities in the esophagus. Management includes lifestyle modifications, acid-suppressing medications, and in severe cases, surgery to prevent acid reflux and alleviate symptoms.
Constipation, marked by infrequent or difficult bowel movements, can be caused by dietary factors, medications, or underlying medical conditions like irritable bowel syndrome or hypothyroidism. Diagnosis includes reviewing symptoms, performing a physical exam, and possibly ordering tests like blood work, imaging, or a colonoscopy to rule out more serious causes. Management typically involves dietary changes, increased fiber and fluid intake, use of laxatives, and addressing any underlying conditions to restore normal bowel function.
Anemia may stem from gastrointestinal bleeding, malabsorption issues, or chronic conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. Diagnosis involves blood tests to assess hemoglobin levels, iron studies, and endoscopic procedures such as colonoscopy or upper endoscopy to identify potential sources of bleeding or malabsorption in the digestive tract. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, which may include iron supplementation, dietary adjustments, or addressing bleeding sources through medication or surgery.
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