Colon polyps are growths that develop on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are benign, some have the potential to become cancerous over time. Endoscopic resection, a minimally invasive procedure, plays a crucial role in managing these polyps by removing them before they progress to malignancy.
Colon cancer, a malignancy arising in the colon’s lining, is a serious and common cancer type globally. It typically begins as small growths called polyps, some of which can become cancerous over time. Symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, and abdominal discomfort. Early detection through screenings like colonoscopy is crucial, as it allows for timely intervention and improved outcomes. Public awareness, regular screenings, and a healthy lifestyle play essential roles in preventing and managing colon cancer.
Some early-stage colon cancer can be effectively treated through endoscopic interventions. Endoscopic treatment for early cancer involves techniques like endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). These minimally invasive procedures offer curative options with reduced risks and shorter recovery times
Endoscopic Resection: This procedure involves the use of an endoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light at the tip, to visualize the colon’s interior. During a colonoscopy, if polyps are detected, an endoscopist can remove them through various methods.
- Polypectomy: The most common technique, polypectomy involves using a looped wire attached to the endoscope to snare and remove the polyp. This is suitable for smaller polyps.
- Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR): Larger or sessile polyps may require EMR, where the polyp is lifted from the underlying tissue and removed in sections.
- Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD): ESD is used for larger, more complex polyps. It involves creating a submucosal cushion and dissecting the polyp from the surrounding tissue. Dr. Fasullo was trained to perform ESD by world-renowned physician, Dr. Gregory Haber, while training at NYU.
- Endoscopic Full-thickness Resection (EFTR): EFTR is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove deeper layers of gastrointestinal tissue, including the inner and outer walls. It involves creating a controlled incision through the entire thickness of the tissue using an endoscope. EFTR is effective for removing larger lesions, tumors, and early-stage cancers, while minimizing the need for traditional surgery. This technique offers quicker recovery times and reduced risks compared to open surgery
Endoscopic resection offers several benefits, including minimal discomfort, quick recovery, and the potential to prevent colorectal cancer by removing precancerous polyps. The removed tissue is sent for histopathological examination to determine the polyp type and whether any cancerous changes are present. Regular screenings, early detection, and appropriate endoscopic resection are essential for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer associated with colon polyps.